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The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.

History of engineering & technology --- recycled aggregate concrete --- block masonry --- compressive strength --- carbon emission --- stress–strain curves --- outrigger wall --- multiple openings --- deep beam --- stiffness --- shear strength --- tall building --- inverted multi tee --- prestressed concrete --- precast concrete --- structural performance --- flexural analysis --- self-compacting concrete --- non-destructive test methods --- ultrasonic pulse velocity test --- surface hardness test --- pull-out test --- maturity test --- within-test variability --- normal vibrated concrete --- concrete structures --- beams &amp --- girders --- torsion --- high-strength concrete --- prestressing --- traditional slabs --- ceramic-reinforced slabs --- shear response --- cyclic loading --- natural fiber-reinforced polymers --- NFRP --- computational design --- tailored fiber placement --- coreless filament winding --- rapid prototyping --- industry 4.0 --- lightweight structure --- Geopolymer --- Alkali activated --- tensile strength --- deformability --- experimental study --- analytical model --- reinforced concrete --- beams --- fly ash alkali activated --- bending --- thin-walled I-section --- continuous beam --- local buckling --- longitudinal stress variation --- design ultimate resistance of the cross-section --- Rudolf Steiner --- anthroposophy --- architecture --- Goetheanum --- double-steel-concrete composite shear walls --- axial and bending capacity --- failure characteristic --- n/a --- stress-strain curves

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The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.

recycled aggregate concrete --- block masonry --- compressive strength --- carbon emission --- stress–strain curves --- outrigger wall --- multiple openings --- deep beam --- stiffness --- shear strength --- tall building --- inverted multi tee --- prestressed concrete --- precast concrete --- structural performance --- flexural analysis --- self-compacting concrete --- non-destructive test methods --- ultrasonic pulse velocity test --- surface hardness test --- pull-out test --- maturity test --- within-test variability --- normal vibrated concrete --- concrete structures --- beams &amp --- girders --- torsion --- high-strength concrete --- prestressing --- traditional slabs --- ceramic-reinforced slabs --- shear response --- cyclic loading --- natural fiber-reinforced polymers --- NFRP --- computational design --- tailored fiber placement --- coreless filament winding --- rapid prototyping --- industry 4.0 --- lightweight structure --- Geopolymer --- Alkali activated --- tensile strength --- deformability --- experimental study --- analytical model --- reinforced concrete --- beams --- fly ash alkali activated --- bending --- thin-walled I-section --- continuous beam --- local buckling --- longitudinal stress variation --- design ultimate resistance of the cross-section --- Rudolf Steiner --- anthroposophy --- architecture --- Goetheanum --- double-steel-concrete composite shear walls --- axial and bending capacity --- failure characteristic --- n/a --- stress-strain curves

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The innovations in construction materials that have been made due to the development of different varieties of concrete have led to innovations in structural applications and design. This Special Issue mainly focuses on state-of-the-art research progress in high-performance concrete, including the effect and characteristics of fibers on the properties of high-performance concrete, the CO2 curing efficiency of high-performance cement composites, and the effect of nano materials when used in ultra-high-performance concrete. This Special Issue also contains two comprehensive review articles covering the following topics: the role of supplementary cementitious materials in ultra-high-performance concrete and recent progress in nanomaterials in cement-based materials. Readers working towards conducting research on innovative construction materials will be exposed to findings related to this topic in this Special Issue.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- ultrahigh-performance concrete --- nanosilica --- dynamic light scattering --- zeta potential --- pore solution --- alkali-activator --- GGBFS --- Na2O content --- Ms (SiO2/Na2O) --- workability --- setting time --- steel fiber --- fiber content --- aspect ratio --- toughness index --- high-strength concrete --- fibers --- smart materials --- fiber/matrix bond --- physical properties --- heat treatment --- alkali-activated material --- calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive additive --- concrete shrinkage --- modulus of elasticity --- shrinkage stress --- SIFRCC --- fiber volume fraction --- direct tensile strength --- energy absorption capacity --- direct tensile test --- carbon nanotubes --- cement-based materials --- concrete infrastructure --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- mechanical strength --- nanomaterials --- nano-Al2O3 --- nano-Fe2O3 --- nano-SiO2 --- nano-TiO2 --- smart infrastructure --- slurry-infiltrated fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- compressive stress --- stress-strain relationship --- filling slurry matrix --- bio-slime --- sulfate attack --- chloride attack --- service life --- multi-layer diffusion --- repair --- concrete --- dynamic compression --- Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SPHB) --- brittle materials --- simulation --- calcined zeolite sand --- ultra-high-performance concrete --- pre-wetted --- autogenous shrinkage --- internal curing --- reactive powder concrete --- strength --- basalt fibers --- abrasion --- porosity --- microscopic image processing --- X-ray CT analysis --- porous cementitious materials --- 3D tomographic image --- CO2 curing --- size effect --- colloidal silica --- cement-based material --- casting method --- ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete --- densified silica fume --- agglomeration --- pozzolanic reaction --- densification --- alternative alkali-activated material --- ground granulated blast-furnace slag --- strength development --- CSA expansive additive --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- temperature --- high performance concrete (HPC) --- C-shape magnetic probe test --- fibre orientation angle --- flexural test --- attenuation factor --- ultra-high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete --- multiscale finite element modeling --- multi-point constraint --- multi-scale interface connection --- concrete damage plasticity model --- ABAQUS --- ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- flowability --- shrinkage --- railway sleeper --- static bending test --- numerical simulation --- structural performance --- high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) --- polypropylene fiber (PP) --- polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) --- residual flexural strength --- splitting tensile strength

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The mechanics of fracture and fatigue have produced a huge body of research work in relation to applications to metal materials and structures. However, a variety of non-metallic materials (e.g., concrete and cementitious composites, rocks, glass, ceramics, bituminous mixtures, composites, polymers, rubber and soft matter, bones and biological materials, and advanced and multifunctional materials) have received relatively less attention, despite their attractiveness for a large spectrum of applications related to the components and structures of diverse engineering branches, applied sciences and architecture, and to the load-carrying systems of biological organisms. This book covers the broad topic of structural integrity of non-metallic materials, considering the modelling, assessment, and reliability of structural elements of any scale. Original contributions from engineers, mechanical materials scientists, computer scientists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians are presented, applying both experimental and theoretical approaches.

History of engineering & technology --- Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers—CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- n/a --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials. --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP

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• Reference Manager
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The mechanics of fracture and fatigue have produced a huge body of research work in relation to applications to metal materials and structures. However, a variety of non-metallic materials (e.g., concrete and cementitious composites, rocks, glass, ceramics, bituminous mixtures, composites, polymers, rubber and soft matter, bones and biological materials, and advanced and multifunctional materials) have received relatively less attention, despite their attractiveness for a large spectrum of applications related to the components and structures of diverse engineering branches, applied sciences and architecture, and to the load-carrying systems of biological organisms. This book covers the broad topic of structural integrity of non-metallic materials, considering the modelling, assessment, and reliability of structural elements of any scale. Original contributions from engineers, mechanical materials scientists, computer scientists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians are presented, applying both experimental and theoretical approaches.

Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers—CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- n/a --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials. --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP